Evidence-based information & thrombosis awareness
IMHA Information Portal
Access evidence-based information on IMHA diagnosis, complications, treatment, prognosis and recovery. Content is drawn from peer-reviewed veterinary literature and species-appropriate consensus guidance where available. Canine IMHA has formal ACVIM diagnosis and treatment consensus statements, while feline and equine evidence is more limited and relies more heavily on retrospective cohorts, pharmacological studies and case series. Antithrombotic guidance is also species- and risk-specific. Review the IMHA Toolkit Evidence Library.
Emergency Signs & Prognosis
IMHA Emergency Signs
Recognise warning signs that may require urgent veterinary assessment in an animal with known or suspected IMHA. The guide covers changes in mucous membrane colour, breathing, collapse or weakness, urine colour and other observations that can indicate clinical deterioration but are not diagnostic on their own.
IMHA Survival Rates
Review peer-reviewed survival outcomes for canine, feline and equine IMHA, including discharge survival, longer-term follow-up where available and reported prognostic associations. The strength and depth of evidence differ substantially between species.
Pathophysiology & Recovery Management
Blood Clots in IMHA
Explore why thrombosis is an important complication of IMHA, particularly in dogs, including contributions from inflammation, endothelial activation, altered coagulation and fibrinolysis, platelet activity and blood-flow abnormalities. The mechanisms are complex, and the strongest pathophysiological evidence is canine.
IMHA Relapse & Tapering
Review what is known about relapse in canine IMHA, including when relapse can occur, how tapering is approached in the ACVIM treatment consensus and why recurrent anaemia should be investigated rather than automatically assumed to represent relapse. This page is canine-specific.
Therapeutics & Side-Effect Management
Prednisolone Side Effects
Understand common and clinically important effects of glucocorticoid therapy in dogs, including increased thirst and urination, increased appetite, panting, muscle loss and behavioural change, as well as less common complications that may require veterinary assessment. Monitoring and supportive treatment should be individualised.
Clopidogrel for Dogs
Review how clopidogrel inhibits platelet P2Y12 signalling, the published canine dose range referenced in IMHA thromboprophylaxis guidance, practical administration considerations and the limitations of current efficacy evidence.
Rivaroxaban for Dogs
Review how rivaroxaban inhibits Factor Xa, published canine dosing evidence, monitoring considerations, the 2026 IMHA bleeding-safety signal and the limitations of current comparative efficacy data.
IMHA Toolkit Evidence Library
Browse the consensus statements and peer-reviewed studies used across the canine, feline and equine pages, including diagnosis, treatment, thrombosis, relapse and prognosis evidence.